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Disclosery

UBS UBS GROUP AG

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Stock (common), issuer CIK 1610520

609 managers (621 13F filers) reported a position in UBS shares at 2025-09-30, 1,217,146,774 shares in all. 84 filers opened a position and 60 filers sold out during the quarter.

Managers
609
13F filers
621
New
84
Added
241
Reduced
191
Sold out
60
Shares held by filers
1,217,146,774

Shares held by filers adds up every 13F filer's report, so a share reported by a parent and by its subsidiary counts twice (H9). Managers counts each filer group once.

13D and 13G filers

No 13D or 13G on this security in the data. Structured 13D/G data starts 2024-12-18.

Insider trades

No Form 4 transaction on this security in the data.

13F holders, Q3 2025

Filers in the available 13F reports with a share position at 2025-09-30, filer groups collapsed to one row (method), largest first. Options and principal amounts are left out. A group row states no % of portfolio, since each member reports its own portfolio: the members' percents are listed under it. A value about 1,000 times or 1/1,000 of the price other filers imply is shown as filed but neither ranks the row nor enters a sum.

HolderSharesValue% of portfolioChangeSource
VANGUARD GROUP INCgroup of 2 filers holding137,542,335$5.65B+2,004,226Timeline
UBS Group AGgroup of 2 filers holding132,736,435$5.44B-53,845,504Timeline
MASSACHUSETTS FINANCIAL SERVICES CO /MA/in group MASSACHUSETTS FINANCIAL SERVI…77,353,590$3.17B0.98%+13,417,94513F-HRTimelineGroup
WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT GROUP LLPin group WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT GROUP L…63,671,310$2.6B0.46%+45,731,06113F-HRTimelineGroup
Fisher Asset Management, LLC61,168,437$2.51B0.91%+2,744,34813F-HRTimeline
Zurcher Kantonalbank (Zurich Cantonalba…52,794,518$2.16B4.95%-6,767,11913F-HRTimeline
FMR LLCin group FMR LLC48,458,708$1.98B0.1%-129,62213F-HRTimelineGroup
Cevian Capital II GP LTD48,117,675$1.97B57.9%013F-HRTimeline
Dodge & Cox42,641,442$1.75B0.95%-2,994,50013F-HRTimeline
Capital World Investors37,343,504$1.53B0.21%+386,26413F-HRTimeline
Pictet Asset Management Holding SAin group Pictet Asset Management Holdi…35,302,882$1.44B1.39%-432,79313F-HRTimelineGroup
JPMORGAN CHASE & COin group JPMORGAN CHASE & CO34,776,844$1.43B0.09%+3,215,72113F-HR/ATimelineGroup
DEUTSCHE BANK AG\in group DEUTSCHE BANK AG\24,860,799$1.02B0.34%+1,910,64613F-HRTimelineGroup
PZENA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC29,746,473$967M3.13%-1,155,91913F-HRTimeline
Legal & General Group Plcin group Legal & General Group Plc23,403,367$956M0.21%-1,386,13113F-HRTimelineGroup
GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INCin group GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC20,907,270$857M0.12%+2,456,35113F-HRTimelineGroup
Amundiin group Amundi19,997,948$821M0.26%-348,57113F-HRTimelineGroup
ARROWSTREET CAPITAL, LIMITED PARTNERSHIPin group ARROWSTREET CAPITAL, LIMITED …19,434,955$795M0.5%+695,79613F-HRTimelineGroup
BANK OF AMERICA CORP /DE/in group BANK OF AMERICA CORP /DE/17,026,177$698M0.05%+8,596,94013F-HR/ATimelineGroup
ACADIAN ASSET MANAGEMENT LLCin group ACADIAN ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC15,367,879$628M1.1%+15,256,93813F-HRTimelineGroup
Vontobel Holding Ltd.in group Vontobel Holding Ltd.13,835,545$565M1.77%+11,77813F-HRTimelineGroup
VIKING GLOBAL INVESTORS LPin group VIKING GLOBAL INVESTORS LP13,096,560$535M1.39%+10,516,14813F-HRTimelineGroup
TIAAgroup of 2 filers holding10,695,870$437M-700,323Timeline
AXA Investment Managers S.A.4,222,171$417M1.12%13F-HRTimeline
BANK OF MONTREAL /CAN/in group BANK OF MONTREAL /CAN/9,325,276$381M0.16%+6,650,86213F-HRTimelineGroup
Ninety One UK Ltd8,689,535$355M0.77%new13F-HR/ATimeline
CITIGROUP INCin group CITIGROUP INC8,618,813$352M0.24%+2,571,42113F-HRTimelineGroup
Russell Investments Group, Ltd.in group Russell Investments Group, Lt…8,282,908$338M0.38%+532,23013F-HRTimelineGroup
CAISSE DES DEPOTS ET CONSIGNATIONS7,922,061$323M13.73%013F-HRTimeline
Bank of New York Mellon Corpin group Bank of New York Mellon Corp7,771,740$318M0.06%-475,47313F-HRTimelineGroup
MORGAN STANLEYin group MORGAN STANLEY7,713,775$316M0.02%+11,61213F-HR/ATimelineGroup
Banque Cantonale Vaudoisein group Banque Cantonale Vaudoise6,760,992$276M10.35%+61,83713F-HRTimelineGroup
ROYAL BANK OF CANADAin group ROYAL BANK OF CANADA6,701,770$275M0.05%-851,90013F-HRTimelineGroup
CANADA PENSION PLAN INVESTMENT BOARD5,726,162$234M0.16%-677,47413F-HRTimeline
WCM INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC5,217,681$216M0.45%-4,01613F-HRTimeline
Compagnie Lombard Odier SCmA5,223,667$213M2.36%-155,52613F-HRTimeline
DZ BANK AG Deutsche Zentral Genossensch…in group DZ BANK AG Deutsche Zentral G…5,102,940$208M0.19%-1,898,11713F-HRTimelineGroup
Bank Julius Baer & Co. Ltd, Zurich4,527,451$185M0.52%-915,90413F-HRTimeline
NORTHERN TRUST CORPin group NORTHERN TRUST CORP4,449,460$182M0.02%+145,44213F-HRTimelineGroup
Allianz SEgroup of 2 filers holding4,443,022$182M+265,323Timeline
DekaBank Deutsche Girozentrale4,269,505$176M0.3%013F-HRTimeline
BlackRock, Inc.in group BlackRock, Inc.4,202,101$172M<0.01%+215,55213F-HRTimelineGroup
M&G PLCin group M&G PLC4,111,495$170M0.91%-301,56713F-HRTimelineGroup
NATIXIS ADVISORS, LLCin group Natixis Investment Managers3,662,233$150M0.22%+651,13313F-HRTimelineGroup
ROYAL LONDON ASSET MANAGEMENT LTD3,585,113$147M0.32%-810,67213F-HRTimeline
AVIVA PLCin group AVIVA PLC3,428,251$140M0.25%-344,53913F-HRTimelineGroup
LGT Group Foundationin group LGT Group Foundation3,244,463$131M1.51%+303,12013F-HRTimelineGroup
CANADA LIFE ASSURANCE Coin group CANADA LIFE ASSURANCE Co2,978,387$121M0.17%+73,98613F-HRTimelineGroup
Qube Research & Technologies Ltd2,818,856$115M0.16%+1,197,26213F-HRTimeline
Public Sector Pension Investment Board2,742,259$112M0.41%+97,50913F-HRTimeline
PUBLIC EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM OF O…2,474,228$101M0.32%+181,59313F-HRTimeline
Border to Coast Pensions Partnership Ltd2,307,000$94.3M1.64%013F-HRTimeline
Liontrust Investment Partners LLP2,259,318$92.3M1.35%+130,42413F-HR/ATimeline
CAPTRUST FINANCIAL ADVISORS2,130,180$87.3M0.18%-7,31713F-HRTimeline
FIL Ltdin group FIL Ltd2,129,404$87M0.07%-3,580,26213F-HRTimelineGroup
JANUS HENDERSON GROUP PLCin group Janus Henderson1,942,252$79.4M0.04%-57,49913F-HRTimelineGroup
State of Tennessee, Department of Treas…1,931,380$78.9M0.26%+24,55213F-HRTimeline
Franklin Resourcesgroup of 2 filers holding1,864,158$76.6M+1,091,865Timeline
Generali Asset Management SPA SGR2,337,752$76M1.62%+380,66513F-HRTimeline
Invesco Ltd.in group Invesco Ltd.1,780,106$73M0.01%+146,15513F-HRTimelineGroup
ABN AMRO Bank N.V.in group ABN AMRO INVESTMENT SOLUTIONS1,766,328$71.8M0.71%+194,76413F-HRTimelineGroup
HSBC HOLDINGS PLCin group HSBC HOLDINGS PLC1,734,273$70.8M0.04%+13,99713F-HRTimelineGroup
Korea Investment CORP1,728,618$70.6M0.15%-75,03713F-HRTimeline
J. Safra Sarasin Holding AGin group J. Safra Sarasin Holding AG1,714,534$70.1M1.13%-52,00113F-HRTimelineGroup
ARGA Investment Management, LP1,686,108$68.9M1.83%-5,603,00113F-HRTimeline
CREDIT AGRICOLE S Ain group CREDIT AGRICOLE S A1,651,615$67.7M0.22%13F-HRTimelineGroup
MOORE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LP1,653,290$67.5M1.34%-812,37113F-HRTimeline
RENAISSANCE TECHNOLOGIES LLC1,603,191$65.7M0.09%-874,70013F-HRTimeline
ENVESTNET ASSET MANAGEMENT INCgroup of 2 filers holding1,592,799$65.3M-51,489Timeline
AMERICAN CENTURY COMPANIES INCin group AMERICAN CENTURY COMPANIES INC1,585,805$65M0.03%+337,20813F-HRTimelineGroup
Patient Capital Management, LLC1,500,849$61.5M2.46%-436,79013F-HRTimeline
PLATINUM INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LTD1,442,578$59M3.81%-1,335,91113F-HRTimeline
BRANDES INVESTMENT PARTNERS, LPin group BRANDES INVESTMENT PARTNERS, …1,425,439$58.4M0.47%-329,00713F-HRTimelineGroup
MANUFACTURERS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, T…in group MANUFACTURERS LIFE INSURANCE …1,418,692$57.8M0.05%-3,29313F-HRTimelineGroup
Lansforsakringar Fondforvaltning AB (pu…1,336,145$54.6M0.28%+45,81113F-HRTimeline
BANQUE PICTET & CIE SA1,302,988$53.2M0.53%+269,51813F-HRTimeline
AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL INCin group AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL INC1,234,325$50.7M0.01%-2,028,29413F-HRTimelineGroup
TD Asset Management Inc1,150,323$47M0.04%+35,48213F-HRTimeline
TWO SIGMA ADVISERS, LPin group TWO SIGMA INVESTMENTS, LP1,113,955$45.7M0.09%+825,35013F-HRTimelineGroup
ANTIPODES PARTNERS Ltd1,089,854$44.5M1%-1,342,37513F-HRTimeline
Thrivent Financial for Lutheransin group Thrivent Financial for Luther…1,061,215$43.4M0.09%-62713F-HRTimelineGroup
Crocodile Capital Partners GmbH1,010,000$41.4M33.72%+15,00013F-HRTimeline
WORLDQUANT MILLENNIUM ADVISORS LLC881,630$36M0.16%+3,31313F-HRTimeline
GAM Holding AGin group GAM Holding AG872,819$35.7M2.2%+13,77613F-HRTimelineGroup
ASR Vermogensbeheer N.V.839,193$34.3M0.42%+45,09513F-HRTimeline
D. E. Shaw & Co., Inc.in group D. E. Shaw & Co., Inc.818,817$33.6M0.03%+420,46813F-HRTimelineGroup
MACKENZIE FINANCIAL CORP789,683$32.2M0.04%+21,70213F-HRTimeline
Exane Asset Management789,001$30.1M10.16%-249,99013F-HRTimeline
Fullerton Fund Management Co Ltd.727,292$29.7M1.15%-18,07113F-HRTimeline
LEVIN CAPITAL STRATEGIES, L.P.698,736$28.6M2.63%-21,74013F-HRTimeline
ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.687,911$28.2M0.01%+146,81613F-HRTimeline
Haven Global Partners, LLC679,072$27.7M19.88%+3,24813F-HRTimeline
Channing Global Advisors, LLC673,409$27.5M19.05%-68,45213F-HRTimeline
WELLS FARGO & COMPANY/MNin group WELLS FARGO & COMPANY/MN657,432$27M0.01%-165,55013F-HRTimelineGroup
Zurich Insurance Group Ltd/FIin group Zurich Insurance Group Ltd/FI655,660$26.7M0.19%+91,59013F-HRTimelineGroup
SIH Partners, LLLPin group SIH Partners, LLLP645,813$26.5M2.32%+297,63713F-HRTimelineGroup
GREAT LAKES ADVISORS, LLC627,555$25.7M0.21%-10213F-HRTimeline
Systrade AG625,000$25.5M18.95%013F-HRTimeline
RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL INCin group RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL INC596,798$24.5M0.01%+75,74413F-HRTimelineGroup
STIFEL FINANCIAL CORPin group STIFEL FINANCIAL CORP548,881$22.5M0.02%+1,15213F-HRTimelineGroup
USS Investment Management Ltd516,436$21.1M0.1%013F-HRTimeline
EDMOND DE ROTHSCHILD HOLDING S.A.in group EDMOND DE ROTHSCHILD HOLDING …509,746$20.8M0.32%-164,91413F-HRTimelineGroup
Baker Avenue Asset Management, LP498,686$20.4M0.49%-11,29613F-HRTimeline
O'SHAUGHNESSY ASSET MANAGEMENT, LLC456,553$18.7M0.11%+30,26213F-HRTimeline
CHARLES SCHWAB INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT INCin group Charles Schwab Trust Co430,808$17.7M<0.01%+99,39813F-HRTimelineGroup
Quantinno Capital Management LP389,099$16M0.04%+89,14613F-HRTimeline
VOYA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLCin group VOYA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC386,143$15.8M0.02%-121,80813F-HRTimelineGroup
Pictet North America Advisors SA382,355$15.6M1.46%013F-HRTimeline
GARDNER LEWIS ASSET MANAGEMENT L P367,625$15.1M3.95%-1,07113F-HRTimeline
CIBC WORLD MARKET INC.367,982$15M0.03%+17,66613F-HRTimeline
Henry James International Management In…365,710$15M4.59%-7,01313F-HRTimeline
Baader Bank Aktiengesellschaft360,840$14.7M1.22%013F-HRTimelineThe filing omitted confidential holdings, a later amendment may add them.
RBF Capital, LLC348,859$14.3M0.66%013F-HRTimeline
Optiver Holding B.V.in group Optiver Holding B.V.342,362$14M0.23%new13F-HRTimelineGroup
Maryland State Retirement & Pension Sys…333,884$13.6M0.29%+31,32413F-HRTimeline
PRUDENTIAL PLCin group PRUDENTIAL PLC331,564$13.5M0.1%-29,09313F-HRTimelineGroup
CONTRAVISORY INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC.324,359$13.3M2.58%-21,02213F-HRTimeline
Creative Planningin group Creative Planning323,367$13.3M0.01%+64,25713F-HRTimelineGroup
Fiera Capital Corpin group Fiera Capital Corp315,288$12.9M0.04%+62,40313F-HRTimelineGroup
PDT Partners, LLC305,288$12.5M0.79%-9013F-HRTimeline
MetLife Investment Management, LLCin group MetLife Investment Management…298,912$12.3M0.06%-22,68313F-HRTimelineGroup
Crossmark Global Holdings, Inc.277,075$11.4M0.17%-1,29113F-HRTimeline
LGT Fund Management Co Ltd.279,100$11.3M0.91%+35,06413F-HRTimeline
LAZARD ASSET MANAGEMENT LLCin group LAZARD ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC265,805$10.9M0.01%new13F-HRTimelineGroup
SUSQUEHANNA INTERNATIONAL GROUP, LLPgroup of 2 filers holding256,820$10.5M+217,946Timeline
JANE STREET GROUP, LLCin group JANE STREET GROUP, LLC254,053$10.4M0.01%-1,841,43013F-HRTimelineGroup
LPL Financial LLC253,240$10.4M<0.01%+38,09013F-HRTimeline
Assenagon Asset Management S.A.248,546$10.2M0.02%+30,83113F-HRTimeline
Value Partners Investments Inc.240,090$9.84M0.8%-19,76613F-HRTimeline
Promethos Capital, LLC262,652$9.83M2.64%+47,61013F-HRTimeline
MILLENNIUM MANAGEMENT LLCin group MILLENNIUM MANAGEMENT LLC236,319$9.69M0.01%-469,23413F-HRTimelineGroup
Point72 Asset Management, L.P.in group Point72 Asset Management, L.P.233,529$9.57M0.02%-309,44713F-HRTimelineGroup
Mariner, LLCin group Mariner, LLC207,949$8.53M0.01%+26,91913F-HRTimelineGroup
AQR CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLCin group AQR CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC207,876$8.52M0.01%+68,84313F-HRTimelineGroup
Pathstone Holdings, LLCin group Pathstone Holdings, LLC205,340$8.41M0.03%+14,47013F-HRTimelineGroup
Black Diamond Capital Management I, LLLP200,000$8.2M5.45%13F-HRTimeline
NEUBERGER BERMAN GROUP LLCin group NEUBERGER BERMAN GROUP LLC191,219$7.83M0.01%+9,30913F-HRTimelineGroup
TUDOR INVESTMENT CORP ET AL188,340$7.72M0.05%+143,97613F-HR/ATimeline
INTECH INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC183,082$7.48M0.07%new13F-HRTimeline
INGALLS & SNYDER LLC170,069$6.97M0.23%+20,00813F-HRTimeline
Alberta Investment Management Corp169,993$6.94M0.05%-97,60013F-HR/ATimeline
FIRST TRUST ADVISORS LPin group FIRST TRUST ADVISORS LP165,551$6.77M0.01%-34,00813F-HRTimelineGroup
Cerity Partners LLCin group Cerity Partners LLC164,638$6.75M0.01%-2,63713F-HRTimelineGroup
RPg Family Wealth Advisory, LLC154,919$6.35M1.39%-42913F-HRTimeline
Permanens Capital L.P.151,917$6.23M0.93%+32113F-HRTimeline
QRG CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.148,941$6.11M0.07%-39,08013F-HRTimeline
Lighthouse Investment Partners, LLCin group Lighthouse Investment Partner…146,341$6M0.22%new13F-HRTimelineGroup
RITHOLTZ WEALTH MANAGEMENT145,117$5.95M0.12%+88613F-HRTimeline
Triasima Portfolio Management inc.144,965$5.94M0.9%new13F-HRTimeline
Corient Private Wealth LPgroup of 2 filers holding144,811$5.94M+29,130Timeline
Ensign Peak Advisors, Inc140,094$5.72M0.01%-63,95013F-HR/ATimeline
M&T Bank Corpin group M&T Bank Corp137,409$5.63M0.02%-160,70213F-HRTimelineGroup
HELIOS CAPITAL MANAGEMENT PTE. LTD136,000$5.55M3.76%013F-HRTimeline
Kestra Advisory Services, LLCgroup of 2 filers holding132,749$5.44M+3,469Timeline
DJE Kapital AG162,371$5.4M0.13%013F-HRTimeline
Laird Norton Wetherby Wealth Management…130,216$5.34M0.22%+74713F-HRTimeline
SEI INVESTMENTS COin group SEI INVESTMENTS CO128,677$5.28M0.01%-17,17013F-HRTimelineGroup
HighTower Advisors, LLC125,363$5.14M0.01%+7,92813F-HRTimeline
INSPIRE TRUST CO, N.A.125,000$5.12M0.93%-10,00013F-HRTimeline
Cetera Investment Advisers123,152$5.05M0.01%+57,50513F-HRTimeline
Perbak Capital Partners LLP122,966$5.02M0.88%new13F-HRTimeline
Point72 (DIFC) Ltd121,900$5M0.35%new13F-HRTimeline
WEALTH ENHANCEMENT ADVISORY SERVICES, L…121,385$4.97M0.01%+31813F-HRTimeline
Plato Investment Management Ltd120,920$4.91M0.33%+36,46213F-HRTimeline
Timber Creek Capital Management LLC116,466$4.78M1.15%-61813F-HRTimeline
PNC Financial Services Group, Inc.in group PNC Financial Services Group,…116,217$4.76M<0.01%-11,39713F-HRTimelineGroup
GROUPAMA ASSET MANAGMENT144,379$4.69M0.07%-1,42613F-HRTimeline
SIMPLEX TRADING, LLC109,948$4.51M0.1%+74,40213F-HRTimeline
GROUP ONE TRADING LLC109,542$4.49M0.13%+10,16713F-HRTimeline
Metis Global Partners, LLC109,565$4.47M0.11%+3,25213F-HRTimeline
QUADRANT CAPITAL GROUP LLC107,440$4.41M0.14%+58513F-HRTimeline
MML INVESTORS SERVICES, LLC105,266$4.32M0.01%+7,30613F-HRTimeline
Orion Porfolio Solutions, LLC104,819$4.3M0.03%+8,96713F-HRTimeline
MIRABELLA FINANCIAL SERVICES LLP104,728$4.29M0.37%-4,70213F-HR/ATimeline
US BANCORP \DE\in group US BANCORP \DE\102,902$4.22M0.01%+6,49113F-HRTimelineGroup
Vestmark Advisory Solutions, Inc.99,503$4.08M0.08%new13F-HRTimeline
ELEVATION POINT WEALTH PARTNERS, LLC99,503$4.08M0.28%+62,54513F-HRTimeline
MITCHELL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT CO97,877$4.01M0.69%+1,39413F-HRTimeline
CITADEL ADVISORS LLCin group CITADEL ADVISORS LLC94,172$3.86M<0.01%+74,23813F-HRTimelineGroup
HIGHLAND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC93,866$3.85M0.19%+7,11013F-HRTimeline
Point72 Hong Kong Ltd93,505$3.83M0.18%new13F-HRTimeline
MERCER GLOBAL ADVISORS INC /ADV88,102$3.61M0.01%-10,20613F-HRTimeline
Independent Advisor Alliance87,277$3.58M0.09%+55613F-HRTimeline
Bank Pictet & Cie (Europe) AG86,115$3.52M0.07%+50,94113F-HRTimeline
CLOVERFIELDS CAPITAL GROUP, LP85,328$3.5M1.1%-2,86413F-HRTimeline
Vident Advisory, LLCin group Vident Advisory, LLC83,077$3.41M0.03%-38,74313F-HRTimelineGroup
Campbell & CO Investment Adviser LLC81,636$3.34M0.25%-38,25813F-HRTimeline
SIGNATUREFD, LLC78,314$3.21M0.05%+5,34813F-HRTimeline
FACTORY MUTUAL INSURANCE CO77,256$3.17M0.03%new13F-HRTimeline
Governors Lane LP75,861$3.11M0.43%-801,96113F-HRTimeline
EQUITABLE TRUST CO74,168$3.04M0.14%-1,11713F-HRTimeline
Glenmede Investment Management, LP73,582$3.02M0.01%+11,13013F-HRTimeline
Altman Advisors, Inc.71,772$2.94M1.13%-5313F-HR/ATimeline
TrueMark Investments, LLCin group TrueMark Investments, LLC71,133$2.92M0.51%-4,55313F-HRTimelineGroup
Alaethes Wealth, LLC70,057$2.87M0.81%-5,06913F-HRTimeline
Mediolanum International Funds Ltd70,206$2.86M0.03%+76613F-HRTimeline
OSSIAM69,905$2.86M0.04%-14,83513F-HRTimeline
Integrated Wealth Concepts LLC69,344$2.84M0.03%+5,75013F-HRTimeline
Permanent Capital Management, LP69,327$2.84M0.53%13F-HRTimeline
HANTZ FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.68,764$2.82M0.04%-6,46813F-HRTimelineThe filing omitted confidential holdings, a later amendment may add them.