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Disclosery

LYV LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT IN

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Stock (common), issuer CIK 1335258

753 managers (776 13F filers) reported a position in LYV shares at 2025-12-31, 191,875,889 shares in all. 70 filers opened a position and 115 filers sold out during the quarter.

Managers
753
13F filers
776
New
70
Added
279
Reduced
267
Sold out
115
Shares held by filers
191,875,889

Shares held by filers adds up every 13F filer's report, so a share reported by a parent and by its subsidiary counts twice (H9). Managers counts each filer group once.

13D and 13G filers

No 13D or 13G on this security in the data. Structured 13D/G data starts 2024-12-18.

Insider trades

No Form 4 transaction on this security in the data.

13F holders, Q4 2025

Filers in the available 13F reports with a share position at 2025-12-31, filer groups collapsed to one row (method), largest first. Options and principal amounts are left out. A group row states no % of portfolio, since each member reports its own portfolio: the members' percents are listed under it. A value about 1,000 times or 1/1,000 of the price other filers imply is shown as filed but neither ranks the row nor enters a sum.

HolderSharesValue% of portfolioChangeSource
VANGUARD GROUP INCgroup of 2 filers holding20,696,638$2.95B-77Timeline
BlackRock, Inc.in group BlackRock, Inc.13,254,968$1.89B0.03%-1,294,67513F-HRTimelineGroup
STATE STREET CORPin group STATE STREET CORP11,113,410$1.58B0.05%-1,695,92713F-HRTimelineGroup
PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL GROUP INCgroup of 2 filers holding10,734,815$1.53B+1,002,496Timeline
CANADA PENSION PLAN INVESTMENT BOARD9,434,036$1.34B0.9%+533,55813F-HRTimeline
FMR LLCin group FMR LLC6,973,619$994M0.05%-1,193,83413F-HRTimelineGroup
Capital World Investors6,919,979$986M0.13%+1,774,14513F-HRTimeline
BANK OF AMERICA CORP /DE/in group BANK OF AMERICA CORP /DE/6,514,747$928M0.07%+291,97413F-HRTimelineGroup
Independent Franchise Partners LLP5,733,718$817M5.2%+193,10413F-HRTimeline
Select Equity Group, L.P.5,586,172$796M3.7%+14,85413F-HRTimeline
GEODE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLCin group GEODE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC4,301,900$611M0.04%+20,16513F-HRTimelineGroup
Jericho Capital Asset Management L.P.3,996,512$570M6.49%+1,099,35013F-HRTimeline
MORGAN STANLEYin group MORGAN STANLEY3,511,224$500M0.03%-1,363,23513F-HR/ATimelineGroup
MASSACHUSETTS FINANCIAL SERVICES CO /MA/in group MASSACHUSETTS FINANCIAL SERVI…3,195,473$455M0.15%+123,80013F-HRTimelineGroup
Cantillon Capital Management LLCin group Cantillon Capital Management …2,797,205$399M2.16%+21,24613F-HRTimelineGroup
WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT GROUP LLPin group WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT GROUP L…2,560,065$365M0.06%-2,999,64813F-HRTimelineGroup
UBS Group AGgroup of 2 filers holding2,132,505$304M+124,161Timeline
NORGES BANK2,006,483$286M0.03%new13F-HRTimeline
Artisan Partners Limited Partnership1,993,220$284M0.43%-382,69913F-HRTimeline
Franklin Resourcesgroup of 2 filers holding1,986,772$283M+24,063Timeline
BESSEMER GROUP INCin group BESSEMER GROUP INC1,843,750$263M0.4%+759,36313F-HRTimelineGroup
Invesco Ltd.in group Invesco Ltd.1,799,343$256M0.02%+109,96913F-HRTimelineGroup
Third Point LLC1,725,000$246M3.38%+375,00013F-HRTimeline
PRICE T ROWE ASSOCIATES INC /MD/1,631,740$233M0.03%-276,14813F-HRTimeline
GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INCin group GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC1,576,357$225M0.03%-17,58313F-HR/ATimelineGroup
DZ BANK AG Deutsche Zentral Genossensch…in group DZ BANK AG Deutsche Zentral G…1,504,953$214M0.19%+306,81213F-HRTimelineGroup
JPMORGAN CHASE & COin group JPMORGAN CHASE & CO1,501,430$214M0.01%+435,52713F-HRTimelineGroup
NORTHERN TRUST CORPin group NORTHERN TRUST CORP1,439,991$205M0.03%-25,75813F-HRTimelineGroup
Findlay Park Partners LLP1,431,100$204M2.6%-591,50013F-HRTimeline
DIMENSIONAL FUND ADVISORS LPin group DIMENSIONAL FUND ADVISORS LP1,250,313$178M0.04%+43,87813F-HRTimelineGroup
Sachem Head Capital Management LPin group Sachem Head Capital Managemen…1,216,700$173M4.07%new13F-HRTimelineGroup
FIRST TRUST ADVISORS LPin group FIRST TRUST ADVISORS LP1,191,347$170M0.12%+1,033,28913F-HRTimelineGroup
CHARLES SCHWAB INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT INCin group Charles Schwab Trust Co1,177,949$168M0.03%+28,20313F-HRTimelineGroup
DEUTSCHE BANK AG\in group DEUTSCHE BANK AG\1,104,699$157M0.05%+149,48513F-HRTimelineGroup
Woodline Partners LP1,055,985$150M0.58%+446,41113F-HRTimeline
CI INVESTMENTS INC.in group CI INVESTMENTS INC.1,027,159$146M0.64%+12,96913F-HRTimelineGroup
Sculptor Capital LPin group Sculptor Capital LP1,000,000$142M1.7%013F-HRTimelineGroup
Nuveen, LLCin group TIAA996,574$142M0.04%+20,47113F-HRTimelineGroup
DAVENPORT & Co LLC893,111$128M0.69%-34,29713F-HRTimeline
ValueAct Holdings, L.P.in group ValueAct Holdings, L.P.823,066$117M1.67%+182,20013F-HRTimelineGroup
Legal & General Group Plcin group Legal & General Group Plc810,111$115M0.03%-14,00713F-HRTimelineGroup
Bank of New York Mellon Corpin group Bank of New York Mellon Corp787,071$112M0.02%-70,99913F-HRTimelineGroup
TREMBLANT CAPITAL GROUPin group TREMBLANT CAPITAL GROUP785,031$112M2.85%+579,71213F-HRTimelineGroup
Amundiin group Amundi779,625$111M0.03%-21,13113F-HRTimelineGroup
WESTFIELD CAPITAL MANAGEMENT CO LP775,234$110M0.46%+128,86413F-HRTimeline
NOMURA ASSET MANAGEMENT CO LTDgroup of 3 filers holding774,498$110M+323,424Timeline
BARCLAYS PLCin group BARCLAYS PLC769,304$110M0.04%-380,75913F-HRTimelineGroup
BNP PARIBAS FINANCIAL MARKETSin group BNP PARIBAS FINANCIAL MARKETS733,270$104M0.07%+110,97813F-HRTimelineGroup
PRIMECAP MANAGEMENT CO/CA/730,600$104M0.08%-31,28013F-HRTimeline
T. Rowe Price Investment Management, In…718,451$102M0.06%-1,76013F-HR/ATimeline
WELLS FARGO & COMPANY/MNin group WELLS FARGO & COMPANY/MN710,065$101M0.02%+11,54113F-HRTimelineGroup
BLAIR WILLIAM & CO/IL680,443$97M0.26%-17,58913F-HRTimeline
CITADEL ADVISORS LLCin group CITADEL ADVISORS LLC677,222$96.5M0.07%+644,68013F-HRTimelineGroup
Linonia Partnership LP673,090$95.9M2.17%013F-HRTimeline
Pacer Advisors, Inc.660,852$94.2M0.25%+648,28413F-HR/ATimeline
AQR CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLCin group AQR CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC654,835$93.3M0.05%+240,52613F-HRTimelineGroup
CIBC Bancorp USA Inc.group of 2 filers holding652,488$93M+67,184Timeline
Point72 Asset Management, L.P.in group Point72 Asset Management, L.P.638,168$90.9M0.14%+378,58613F-HRTimelineGroup
Allspring Global Investments Holdings, …in group Allspring Global Investments …607,164$88.2M0.14%+78,17113F-HRTimelineGroup
Dorsey Asset Management, LLC602,973$85.9M7.47%new13F-HRTimeline
NEUBERGER BERMAN GROUP LLCin group NEUBERGER BERMAN GROUP LLC586,883$83.6M0.06%+77,62213F-HRTimelineGroup
Stephens Investment Management Group LLCgroup of 2 filers holding559,542$79.7M+1,091Timeline
SAMLYN CAPITAL, LLCin group SAMLYN CAPITAL, LLC550,462$78.4M1.25%new13F-HRTimelineGroup
FEDERATED HERMES, INC.in group FEDERATED HERMES, INC.542,570$77.3M0.13%-33,10713F-HRTimelineGroup
AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL INCin group AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL INC504,886$71.9M0.02%+213,46813F-HRTimelineGroup
MANE GLOBAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP493,400$70.3M3.85%+62,61713F-HRTimeline
CAUSEWAY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC447,113$63.7M0.88%+214,70913F-HRTimeline
Swiss National Bank444,200$63.3M0.04%-23,50013F-HRTimeline
CITIGROUP INCin group CITIGROUP INC424,599$60.5M0.04%-70,71513F-HRTimelineGroup
Mitsubishi UFJ Trust & Banking Corpgroup of 4 filers holding410,280$59.4M+17,803Timeline
DENDUR CAPITAL LP416,000$59.3M6.16%-148,00013F-HRTimeline
BANK OF NOVA SCOTIAin group BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA411,586$58.7M0.09%-32,48213F-HRTimelineGroup
Junto Capital Management LP398,619$56.8M1.27%new13F-HRTimeline
MAPLELANE CAPITAL, LLCin group MAPLELANE CAPITAL, LLC393,689$56.1M3.19%+132,94013F-HRTimelineGroup
ROYAL BANK OF CANADAin group ROYAL BANK OF CANADA357,079$50.9M0.01%-180,60713F-HRTimelineGroup
Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Group, Inc.in group Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Group, …356,370$50.8M0.03%-22,77413F-HRTimelineGroup
Khrom Capital Management LLC349,821$49.8M5.18%new13F-HRTimeline
Walleye Capital LLCin group Walleye Capital LLC343,469$48.9M0.28%+339,86713F-HRTimelineGroup
Assenagon Asset Management S.A.329,299$46.9M0.07%+325,71813F-HRTimeline
DigitalBridge Group, Inc.in group DigitalBridge Group, Inc.320,940$45.7M3.53%+94,22113F-HRTimelineGroup
Baskin Financial Services Inc.315,844$45M3.39%-64313F-HRTimeline
Evergreen Quality Fund GP, Ltd.310,600$44.3M0.87%+296,26913F-HRTimeline
TD Asset Management Inc307,997$43.9M0.04%-59,14013F-HRTimeline
RHUMBLINE ADVISERS305,752$43.6M0.04%-3,53713F-HRTimeline
National Pension Service299,372$42.7M0.03%+16,30613F-HRTimeline
HSBC HOLDINGS PLCin group HSBC HOLDINGS PLC297,293$42.4M0.02%-787,64113F-HR/ATimelineGroup
GAMCO Investors (Gabelli)group of 2 filers holding297,286$42.4M-585Timeline
Alyeska Investment Group, L.P.in group Alyeska Investment Group, L.P.291,441$41.5M0.12%new13F-HRTimelineGroup
FERNBRIDGE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP288,367$41.1M2.02%-143,56813F-HRTimeline
BAMCO INC /NY/in group Baron Capital277,801$39.6M0.11%+12,80113F-HRTimelineGroup
Capital International Investorsin group Capital International Investo…265,145$37.8M0.01%+2,48813F-HRTimelineGroup
Schonfeld Strategic Advisors LLC258,207$36.8M0.19%+125,83213F-HRTimeline
Triple Frond Partners LLCin group Triple Frond Partners LLC255,858$36.5M3.79%new13F-HRTimelineGroup
Shannon River Fund Management LLC255,433$36.4M5.71%new13F-HRTimeline
SEI INVESTMENTS COin group SEI INVESTMENTS CO253,783$36.2M0.04%+130,59613F-HRTimelineGroup
BANK OF MONTREAL /CAN/in group BANK OF MONTREAL /CAN/239,922$34.2M0.01%-29,52213F-HRTimelineGroup
CALIFORNIA STATE TEACHERS RETIREMENT SY…235,958$33.6M0.03%-15,84613F-HRTimeline
ENVESTNET ASSET MANAGEMENT INCgroup of 2 filers holding233,566$33.3M-105,649Timeline
California Public Employees Retirement …231,349$33M0.02%-70,43313F-HRTimeline
RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL INCin group RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL INC230,400$32.8M0.01%+38,86313F-HRTimelineGroup
VICTORY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INC229,380$32.7M0.02%-16,83313F-HRTimeline
SUSQUEHANNA INTERNATIONAL GROUP, LLPin group SUSQUEHANNA INTERNATIONAL GRO…217,164$30.9M0.04%+152,22613F-HRTimelineGroup
Benchstone Capital Management LP212,691$30.3M3.41%new13F-HRTimeline
Artemis Investment Management LLP203,336$29M0.35%-4,99413F-HRTimeline
HighTower Advisors, LLC181,061$25.8M0.03%-16,82913F-HRTimeline
HEALTHCARE OF ONTARIO PENSION PLAN TRUS…179,242$25.5M0.04%+72,99813F-HRTimeline
HORIZON KINETICS ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC169,884$24.2M0.33%-2,22813F-HRTimeline
Premier Fund Managers Ltd164,999$23.8M1.37%-136,71613F-HRTimeline
ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.160,743$22.9M0.01%-141,28413F-HRTimeline
Baird Financial Group, Inc.in group Baird Financial Group, Inc.159,688$22.8M0.04%-144,03913F-HRTimelineGroup
Russell Investments Group, Ltd.in group Russell Investments Group, Lt…154,166$22M0.02%-295,60713F-HRTimelineGroup
Sunriver Management LLC150,000$21.4M2.24%new13F-HRTimeline
MSA Advisors, LLC147,975$21.1M5.28%-37,23013F-HRTimeline
MARSHALL WACE, LLPin group MARSHALL WACE, LLP146,541$20.9M0.02%+140,50413F-HRTimelineGroup
ROYAL LONDON ASSET MANAGEMENT LTD142,889$20.4M0.04%-35713F-HRTimeline
STEADFAST CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP141,000$20.1M0.35%new13F-HRTimeline
NEW YORK STATE TEACHERS RETIREMENT SYST…135,450$19.3M0.04%-3,99813F-HRTimeline
AVIVA PLCin group AVIVA PLC135,109$19.3M0.03%+6,36713F-HRTimelineGroup
STATE BOARD OF ADMINISTRATION OF FLORID…130,930$18.7M0.03%-8,85113F-HRTimeline
RBO & CO LLC129,429$18.4M2.94%+5,84813F-HRTimeline
VOYA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLCin group VOYA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC127,551$18.2M0.02%-10,56813F-HRTimelineGroup
NATIXIS ADVISORS, LLCin group Natixis Investment Managers126,819$18.1M0.03%+38,62713F-HRTimelineGroup
Clearstead Advisors, LLC126,511$18M0.23%+1,14313F-HRTimeline
AXIOM INVESTORS LLC /DE121,446$17.3M0.15%-320,26513F-HRTimeline
ARMISTICE CAPITAL, LLC120,938$17.2M0.42%new13F-HRTimeline
WASHINGTON TRUST Co119,625$17M0.56%-94713F-HRTimeline
CANADA LIFE ASSURANCE Coin group CANADA LIFE ASSURANCE Co116,204$16.6M0.03%-74,57213F-HRTimelineGroup
Aberdeen Group plcin group Aberdeen Group plc114,850$16.4M0.03%-67613F-HRTimelineGroup
Universal- Beteiligungs- und Serviceges…in group Universal- Beteiligungs- und …107,919$15.4M0.02%+33413F-HRTimelineGroup
BOOTHBAY FUND MANAGEMENT, LLC107,287$15.3M0.39%+19,94113F-HRTimeline
SCHRODER INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT GROUP107,182$15.3M0.01%-187,76613F-HRTimeline
Quantinno Capital Management LP102,074$14.5M0.03%+46,15913F-HRTimeline
DANSKE BANK A/S99,937$14.2M0.03%+6,55013F-HRTimeline
MANUFACTURERS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, T…in group MANUFACTURERS LIFE INSURANCE …91,709$13.1M0.01%-2,89013F-HRTimelineGroup
STIFEL FINANCIAL CORPin group STIFEL FINANCIAL CORP90,939$13M0.01%+9,52913F-HRTimelineGroup
Polar Asset Management Partners Inc.89,700$12.8M0.25%new13F-HRTimeline
PUBLIC EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT ASSOCIATION…87,490$12.5M0.05%-109,50013F-HRTimeline
KORNITZER CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INC /KS86,000$12.3M0.25%013F-HRTimeline
Archon Partners LLC86,000$12.3M1.28%013F-HRTimeline
NORTH STAR ASSET MANAGEMENT INC85,552$12.2M0.49%+4,18613F-HRTimeline
PUBLIC EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM OF O…84,146$12M0.04%-31613F-HRTimeline
STATE OF WISCONSIN INVESTMENT BOARD83,928$12M0.03%-99813F-HRTimeline
Shellback Capital, LP81,870$11.7M1.11%+21,87013F-HRTimeline
NEW YORK STATE COMMON RETIREMENT FUND80,917$11.5M0.02%-18,04013F-HRTimeline
GATEWAY INVESTMENT ADVISERS LLC80,113$11.4M0.11%+14113F-HRTimeline
Chevy Chase Trust Holdings, LLCin group Chevy Chase Trust Holdings, L…80,093$11.4M0.03%-40213F-HRTimelineGroup
D. E. Shaw & Co., Inc.in group D. E. Shaw & Co., Inc.79,672$11.4M0.01%+54,95213F-HRTimelineGroup
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL INCin group PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL INC74,293$10.6M0.01%-11,65113F-HRTimelineGroup
Pictet Asset Management Holding SAin group Pictet Asset Management Holdi…70,731$10.1M0.01%-264,73913F-HRTimelineGroup
NATIONAL BANK OF CANADA /FI/in group NATIONAL BANK OF CANADA /FI/69,969$9.97M0.01%+17,25313F-HRTimelineGroup
FORSTA AP-FONDEN69,200$9.86M0.06%+35,40013F-HRTimeline
Asset Management One Co., Ltd.65,445$9.46M0.03%-91813F-HRTimeline
Treasurer of the State of North Carolina66,309$9.45M0.03%-4,84313F-HRTimeline
STOREBRAND ASSET MANAGEMENT AS64,455$9.18M0.02%+29713F-HRTimeline
HENNESSY ADVISORS INC64,395$9.18M0.33%-4,20013F-HRTimeline
TORONTO DOMINION BANKin group TORONTO DOMINION BANK62,182$8.86M0.02%-5,36013F-HRTimelineGroup
Mn Services Vermogensbeheer B.V.61,932$8.82M0.05%+83213F-HRTimeline
KLP KAPITALFORVALTNING AS59,100$8.42M0.03%013F-HRTimeline
Cornerstone Advisors, LLC58,560$8.34M0.28%new13F-HRTimeline
GILDER GAGNON HOWE & CO LLC57,131$8.14M0.09%-37,15613F-HRTimeline
Focus Partners Wealthin group Focus Partners Wealth57,090$8.14M0.01%+3,74913F-HRTimelineGroup
Mirae Asset Global Investments Co., Ltd.group of 2 filers holding56,267$8.02M+7,952Timeline
State of New Jersey Common Pension Fund…in group State of New Jersey Common Pe…56,156$8M0.03%-70413F-HRTimelineGroup
DNB Asset Management ASin group DNB Asset Management AS55,745$7.94M0.03%+3,44013F-HRTimelineGroup
Ensign Peak Advisors, Inc53,519$7.63M0.01%-44,54413F-HR/ATimeline
LPL Financial LLC53,119$7.57M<0.01%-2,67213F-HRTimeline
Bank Julius Baer & Co. Ltd, Zurich52,449$7.52M0.02%-5,69013F-HRTimeline
PEAK6 LLCin group PEAK6 LLC52,274$7.45M0.2%+5,35513F-HR/ATimelineGroup
SCOTIA CAPITAL INC.51,971$7.41M0.03%+48,40813F-HRTimeline
TUDOR INVESTMENT CORP ET AL51,000$7.27M0.04%013F-HRTimeline
KIRR MARBACH & CO LLC /IN/48,968$6.98M1.33%-11213F-HRTimeline
PITTENGER & ANDERSON INC48,691$6.94M0.27%+41513F-HRTimeline
Verition Fund Management LLC47,958$6.83M0.04%+1,27813F-HRTimeline
Resona Asset Management Co.,Ltd.in group Resona Asset Management Co.,L…47,781$6.83M0.03%-2,39713F-HRTimelineGroup
Bridgewater Associates, LP46,106$6.57M0.02%new13F-HRTimeline
REINHART PARTNERS, LLC.45,657$6.51M0.19%-15,58413F-HRTimeline
MetLife Investment Management, LLCin group MetLife Investment Management…45,487$6.48M0.03%-1,14613F-HRTimelineGroup
CAPTRUST FINANCIAL ADVISORS44,924$6.4M0.01%+57013F-HRTimeline
Creative Planningin group Creative Planning44,845$6.39M<0.01%+43313F-HRTimelineGroup
ARIZONA STATE RETIREMENT SYSTEM44,589$6.35M0.03%-3,47413F-HRTimeline
LORD, ABBETT & CO. LLC43,044$6.13M0.02%-395,14613F-HRTimeline
ProShare Advisors LLC41,642$5.93M0.01%+12,91613F-HRTimeline
Czech National Bank41,636$5.93M0.04%+1,57613F-HRTimeline
State of Tennessee, Department of Treas…40,757$5.93M0.02%-42413F-HRTimeline
STATE OF MICHIGAN RETIREMENT SYSTEM41,311$5.89M0.03%-1,30013F-HRTimeline
XPONANCE LLC41,065$5.85M0.04%+2,15013F-HRTimeline
Concentric Capital Strategies, LP40,332$5.75M0.3%new13F-HRTimeline
RBF Capital, LLC40,000$5.7M0.26%013F-HR/ATimeline
AMERICAN CENTURY COMPANIES INCin group AMERICAN CENTURY COMPANIES INC39,935$5.69M<0.01%+5,37213F-HRTimelineGroup
Berger Financial Group, Inc39,870$5.68M0.33%+34813F-HRTimeline
CIBC Asset Management Inc39,681$5.65M0.01%+15,71313F-HRTimeline
Gotham Asset Management, LLC38,047$5.42M0.02%+9,61513F-HRTimeline
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA PUBLIC SCH…36,729$5.23M0.03%-1,14713F-HRTimeline
PensionDanmark Pensionsforsikringsaktie…36,301$5.17M0.05%13F-HRTimeline
AMALGAMATED BANK35,536$5.06M0.04%+4913F-HRTimeline
MILLENNIUM MANAGEMENT LLCin group MILLENNIUM MANAGEMENT LLC35,505$5.06M<0.01%-59,90313F-HRTimelineGroup
Zurcher Kantonalbank (Zurich Cantonalba…35,201$5.02M0.01%013F-HRTimeline
L2 Asset Management, LLC35,116$5M0.67%+9713F-HRTimeline
BRASADA CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LP34,018$4.94M0.85%+1,85213F-HRTimeline
OCONNOR, A Distinct Business Unit of UB…34,200$4.87M0.13%-32,80013F-HRTimelineThe filing omitted confidential holdings, a later amendment may add them.